Technologies currently available to obtain the occupancy rate of resources on a construction site

The construction industry is utilizing new emerging technologies that have the potential to help managers and contractors to track the work progress on construction sites. Combined with scheduling methods based on space planning, these technologies could aid in the stabilization of workflows, ensure better use of available space, provide a smooth flow of traffic and reduce conflicts on construction sites. The purpose is to optimize the construction operations and to improve the stagnant productivity in this industry. Technologies such as 360-degree pictures and videos, laser scans, photogrammetry, LiDAR, bar codes, RFID, and augmented reality could have a significant impact in achieving these goals. The purpose of this paper is to study and evaluate the existing technologies and their usefulness for optimizing the occupancy rate on construction sites. Following analysis based on case studies, the following evaluation criteria were retained: mobility and portability of the systems, the impact of the interventions on the works, the speed of the measurements, the quality of the results obtained, the ease of extracting information from the data collected, and the level of maturity of these technologies. Finally, an analysis and ranking are presented in this paper in order to measure the suitability and the adequacy of these technologies facing the predefined evaluation criteria.