Étude économique d’un micro-réseau avec panneaux solaires, batteries de stockage et véhicules électriques

Abstract

With the growth in the use of renewable energy in residential and commercial buildings relying on smart grids, there is an opportunity to offer a variety of choices to consumers in how to manage energy between the sources of green energy, and in storage management in order to be more efficient at lower costs. There are many expectations for electric vehicles in terms of smart grids associated with vehicle to grid (V2G) and vehicle to building (V2B) architectures. Electric vehicles have become the most widespread and reliable in the issue of zero emissions. To this regard, the present thesis aims to have EVs with the V2B option, in the micro-grid of a commercial building, to properly use clean energies, reduce the energy consumption, and subsequently reduce costs. From now on, it is necessary to use the EVs for the storage of electrical energy, when there is surplus in relation to the demand of the micro-grid to be able to use it when the maximum powers of the grid are reached, based on the optimization of power with intelligent energy distribution. The algorithm developed takes into account the green energies generated by the production of photovoltaic PV solar panels with the combination with : 1) a battery energy storage system for power cut-off during maximum peaks, and 2) electric vehicles with the V2B option to be able to unload the electric vehicles in the building that contains the micro-grid, when there is surplus in relation to the maximum power, to contribute to the erasure of the maximum peaks reached by the network in the event of surplus. The main conclusions of this thesis can be summarized as follows (i) the calculation of the new maximum power peak is done as we advance in the day, and is calculated every 5 minutes, for update it, when making the decision to recharge or discharge BESS and EVs, (ii) EV users are satisfied, because EV charging is 100% before departure at all times, (iii) commercial buildings benefit from a reduction in the cost of power, and consequently a reduction in the electricity bill, we are talking about a saving in power cost for the case study, campus ÉTS, in the order of $ 38,000 for the year 2018, a reduction in the power cost around 5%. Therefore, users, managers of commercial buildings and electricity suppliers are satisfied. The results were obtained under the hypothesis as follows (i) The EV’s depth of discharge is 80%, which respects its limit, and will increase its lifetime, (ii) the BESS’s depth of discharge is 80 %, which respects its limit, and will increase its lifetime.

Date	12 Oct 2021
Original language	French
Awarding Institution	École de technologie supérieure
Supervisor	Louis-A. Dessaint (Supervisor) & Hanane Dagdougui (Co-supervisor)