Analyse de la marche grâce à la caractérisation de courbes de vitesse angulaire du membre inférieur sur une population de sujets sains et arthrosiques

Abstract

The knee is the most complex joint of the human body. To understand knee function, it is important to characterize the gait cycle. Gait analysis is most often done with optoelectronic sensors that measure positions and orientations in space. However, there is a growing interest in inertial sensors that are less expensive and more versatile than optoelectronic systems but that measure velocity and accelerations. The aim of this project is to characterize the angular velocity curves of the knee, thigh and shank using data derived from optoelectronic sensors. In order to characterize the curves during walking, four characteristics points were selected in the literature. Using these points, differences between populations with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and healthy people have been assessed in order to determine if some of these parameters have clinical significance. First, knee anatomy, 3D gait kinematics and different methods of gait analysis are presented. Moreover, the four parameters selected for the thigh and knee in the sagittal plane are presented. Next, the method to calculate the angular velocities from kinematics data is presented. The method of data processing which is semi-automatic and unilateral and is then described, divided into three parts: 1- Filtering 2- Detection of gait cycles 3- Selection of the most repeatable cycles. Second, this method is applied to two databases. A first database consists of 90 healthy subjects (49 women and 41 men) and a second database consists of 428 osteoarthritis subjects (262 women and 166 men). The results obtained from these two databases show firstly that a distinct walking pattern emerges for the thigh, shank and knee in the sagittal plane and that there are significant differences between men and women. The characterization also revealed that differences between healthy subjects and OA patients are present, especially in the frontal plane. The results show that during an abduction movement, the higher the grade of osteoarthritis the lower is the angular velocity. These results indicate that it is possible to characterize a gait cycle and visualize differences between a population of healthy subjects and a population of subjects with knee osteoarthritis.

Date	11 Apr 2019
Original language	French
Awarding Institution	École de technologie supérieure
Supervisor	Nicola Hagemeister (Supervisor) & Alexandre Fuentes (Co-supervisor)