Conception et optimisation d'une prothèse artérielle multicouche composée de tissu électrofilé

Abstract

The low compliance and the surface properties of commercial vascular prosthesis lead to important clinic complications and prevent their use in the replacement of small diameter blood vessels (< 6 mm). Electrospinning is a fabrication method that has the potential to meet the conception criteria of vascular prosthesis. The objective of this master project consist in establishing if electrospun structures, developed to foster the different cell groups present in native arteries, meet the mechanical criteria required in a monolayer or multilayered tubular structure. Firstly, a linear analytical model was used to calculate the ratios between the elastic modulus and the ultimate stress of an isotropic material required to achieve both the compliance of the replaced vessel and the burst pressure of a monolayer prosthesis. These ratios are around 1.42 and 4.99 for small (< 6 mm) and big (≈ 30 mm) diameter, respectively. A finite elements (FE) model was used to study the influence of the material intrinsic parameters on the compliance and burst pressure of a tubular prosthesis, in particular in the case of a multilayered prosthesis. Structures of electrospun polyethylene terephthalate (ePET) developed in Professor Abdellah Ajji laboratory at Polytechnique school have been studied by mechanical testing. Unfortunately, the results obtained by the analytical mode, the FE model as well as the compliance tests show that these structures do not meet the mechanical requirements to be used in the fabrication of a vascular prosthesis. However, the selection and development tools present in this document can be used in order to find a more adapted material for the conception and the optimisation of a vascular prosthesis having the required mechanical properties.

Date	4 Feb 2016
Original language	French
Awarding Institution	École de technologie supérieure
Supervisor	Sophie Lerouge (Supervisor) & Abdellah Ajji (Co-supervisor)