Framework for embedding digital signatures into IFC-based BIMs for object-level authentication and data integrity verification

Abstract

Building Information Models (BIM) has significantly enhanced collaboration, efficiency, and information management within the built asset industry. However, ensuring data integrity and authentication at the object-specific level remains a substantial challenge. Current file-level authentication methods do not provide sufficient granularity for verifying individual BIM object effectively. Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) is an open, vendor-neutral standard widely adopted for interoperability among various BIM software platforms, making it an ideal candidate for integrating advanced authentication mechanisms such as digital signatures. Digital signatures were selected due to their robust cryptographic capabilities, which ensure data authenticity and integrity, and offer essential long-term verification features crucial for accountability and resolving disputes. This thesis explores two distinct approaches to embed digital signatures in IFC-based BIM models. Initially, it investigates the direct integration of digital signatures within the IFC data schema, encountering significant challenges due to schema complexity, version compatibility, and implementation intricacies. Subsequently, the research proposes an alternative method, embedding digital signatures directly into IFC files without modifying the dependency to the IFC data schema. Employing a design science research methodology, the study systematically evaluates the feasibility and practicality of these approaches, ultimately proposing a practical and scalable framework for embedding digital signatures directly into IFC files. The resulting solution emphasizes minimal disruption to existing industry workflows and regulatory compliance, facilitating its adoption within current BIM practices.

Date	22 Aug 2025
Original language	American English
Awarding Institution	École de technologie supérieure
Supervisor	Erik Andrew Poirier (Supervisor)