Raffinement et validation d'un alésoir acétabulaire à diamètre variable

Abstract

In Canada, the number of total hip arthroplasties was 24 253 in 2006 (with the exception of Quebec). The number of arthroplasties represents annual costs estimated at 463 million Canadian dollars. To reduce these costs, operating time and the risk of infection, a new concept of variable diameter acetabular reamer (VDA) was proposed by Jean-Sébastien Mérette. Despite the ingenuity of this concept, the proposal requires modifications and refinements. This project aims to provide a cutting system suitable for the VDA that minimizes cutting force and maximizes the quality of cut, to design a functional prototype of the VDA to verify the performance of the cutting system, to compare the performance of the VDA to those of conventional reamers and to refine the design of the VDA to make it a fully functional tool. To do this, certain criteria and design constraints are determined. For the functional prototype, some constraints and criteria are adapted. Validation and refinement of the concept are performed using finite element numerical analysis. Using the functional prototype, the behavior and quality of conventional reamers are compared to the VDA. The tests are performed on a numerical control machine and the cutting forces are collected using a torque plate. The cavities are scanned using a high-resolution three-dimensional laser scanner and analyzed using a CAD software. The results show that the VDA has a similar feedback to the conventional reamers and the quality of the reamed cavity is greatly improved. The VDA might be the solution to extend the long-term stability of the prosthesis, reduce costs, minimize risk of infection and simplify its use.

Date	3 Jan 2012
Original language	French
Awarding Institution	École de technologie supérieure
Supervisor	Yvan Petit (Supervisor) & Julio Fernandes (Co-supervisor)