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CG-WFC: A Hybrid Cyclic-Graph & WFC Method for Designer-Guided and Replayable Procedural Content Generation

  • Laurent Voisard
  • , Cristiano Politowski
  • , Fabio Petrillo
  • , Yann Gaël Guéhéneuc
  • Concordia University
  • Ontario Tech University

Research output: Contribution to Book/Report typesContribution to conference proceedingspeer-review

Abstract

Procedural generation techniques offer powerful ways to produce varied game environments, but they often struggle to balance designer control with emergent replayability. In this paper, we present a hybrid generation method that combines the pattern-based constraints of Wave Function Collapse (WFC) with the structural expressiveness of cyclic graph generation. This approach allows designers to define high-level narrative or spatial structures through graph grammar, while WFC ensures locally coherent and aesthetically consistent layouts. By decoupling global mission flow from local content assembly, the method enables both fine-grained authoring and significant variability across playthroughs.

Original languageEnglish
Title of host publicationProceedings - 2026 IEEE/ACM 10th International Workshop on Games and Software Engineering, GAS 2026
PublisherAssociation for Computing Machinery, Inc
Pages42-46
Number of pages5
ISBN (Electronic)9798400724039
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 9 Jul 2026
Event10th International Workshop on Games and Software Engineering, GAS 2026 - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Duration: 12 Apr 202618 Apr 2026

Publication series

NameProceedings - 2026 IEEE/ACM 10th International Workshop on Games and Software Engineering, GAS 2026

Conference

Conference10th International Workshop on Games and Software Engineering, GAS 2026
Country/TerritoryBrazil
CityRio de Janeiro
Period12/04/2618/04/26

!!!Keywords

  • Designer Control
  • Game Level Generation
  • Mission Graphs
  • Procedural Content Generation
  • Replayability
  • Wave Function Collapse

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